Tutup muka

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Lama benar tak update blog saya ni, kesibukan dengan tugas-tugas di luar semasa hujung minggu menghadkan masa saya untuk update blog ini.
H1N1 semakin berleluasa di IPTA. Lepas satu-satu IPTA terpaksa di tutup untuk menghalang virus ini merebak. Kami di UMP ni pun terpaksa membatalkan semua kelas pada tengah hari ini untuk memberikan laluan kepada para pelajar mmenjalani pemeriksaan kesihatan (Screening test. Disana-sini kelihatan para pelajar memakai tutup muka yang diberikan percuma oleh kementerian kesihatan.

Kalau kita masih ingat, dulu terdapat larangan memakai purdah yang menutup muka di IPTA, tapi, kuasa Allah, siapa sangka, semua orang memakainya pula sekarang ini.

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• Influenza A H1N1 : Malaysia Third Death (warkah.com)

Development And Application Of Bacteria sp. for Municipal Solid Waste Treatment System

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In the recent years, Malaysian Government has focused on improving and upgrading the existing sewerage systems and facilities, which is inadequate in terms of treatment efficiency. In many cases, the effluent quality has not met the effluent standards required by the authority. Ujang et al (2002) has reported that untreated and inadequate treatment of wastewater has been the major factor in causing severe pollution of rivers and near-shore areas in Malaysia. As for example, municipal sewage has principal contaminations, which fall into the categories of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, pathegonic organism, heavy metals and trace organics. The pathogens include bacteria, viruses, protozoa and helminthes. Those pollutants have the potential to create public health and environmental problem, particularly in urban areas.

Referring to the report by United States Environmental Protection Agency (2004), there are several key challenges faced by wastewater treatment today. Many of the wastewater treatment and collection facilities are now old and worn, and require further improvement, repair or replacement to maintain their useful life. The far more complex character and quantity of contaminants presenting problems today has also lead to the challenges for the present wastewater treatment. Besides that, the population growth has taxing many existing wastewater treatment systems and creating a need for new plants. Farm runoff and increasing urbanization provide additional sources of pollution not controlled by wastewater treatment.

Thus, due to the trends in urban development along with rapid population increase, municipal wastewater treatment deserves greater emphasis. There is need to improve and sustain the municipal wastewater treatment technology.

Currently, the biological wastewater treatment technology has received more recognition compared to the physical-chemistry or chemistry treatment system. Gotvajn et al (2009), has reported that the biological method are usually preferred over physicochemical ones in removing the majority of pollutants in wastewater treatment. Furthermore, the waste treatment research in Latin America using physical-chemistry, chemistry and biology has shown that biological method are adequate for the reduction of chemical oxygen demand (COD) (Lozano et al., 2009).
Besides that, Zhao et al (2008) has reported that aerobic biological wastewater treatment systems utilize mixed microbial consortia to transform organic and inorganic pollutants to innocuocus byproducts, allowing municipal and industrial wastewater to be released to the environment without detriment. Due to this, the biological methods seem to offer effective solution for in order to improve the municipal wastewater treatment.

Basically, wastewater purification by the biological method consists in using the organic and nitrogen pollution as a nutrient substrate for the purifying biomass. The idea behind all biological methods of wastewater treatment is to introduce contact with bacteria (cells), which feed on the organic materials in the wastewater, thereby reducing its BOD content.
The biological wastewater treatment offers certain goals. i.e. reduces labor time, enhances BOD/COD removal, degrades wide range of organic waste, increases the system efficiency, reduces sludge build up and reduces hydrogen sulphide cost.

The advantage of using biological systems is that, operation takes place at ambient temperature. This consequently saves on the energy consumption. The treatment operations are located outdoor and this implies that the system must be able to operate at seasonally varying temperatures. Cells come in a mix of many types, and accommodation to a temperature change is simply accomplished by self adaptation of the cell population. Similarly, a change in composition of the organic material leads to a spontaneous change in cell population, with the types best suited to digest the new material growing in large numbers than other cell types.

Thus, in this study, the main efforts will be developed and apply the efficient bacteria in the municipal wastewater treatment and hence to offer a new alternatives for the municipal wastewater treatment technologies.

Teknik Menulis Tesis phd Dan Panduan Menghadapi Viva

Image by © dabawenya © (flickr world, i'm back!.... hopef via Flickr

Membuat phd adalah suatu pengalaman yang cukup menyeronokan jika ia membuahkan hasil dan berjaya dihabiskan dengan jayanya. Pengalaman seseorang adalah berbeza-beza mengikut bidang dan tempat pengajian masing-masing. Pengalanan di luar Negara tentunya berbeza jika dibandingkan dengan dalam negeri. Bidang kejuruteraan pula biasanya lebih senang berbanding dengan bidang sains sosial ataupun theology. Membuat phd di luar negeri tentulah kehidupan pelajar dan keluarga lebih menyeronokan dengan suasana yang baru dan cuaca yang berbeza. Pengajian tidak terganggu oleh urusan – urusan keluarga dan saudara mara. Berbeza pula dengan pengajian di dalam negeri, urusan-urusan berkenaan berjalan seperti biasa dan sering membuatkan kerja –kerja tertangguh. Walau bagaimana pun, di luar Negara, pelajar-pelajar akan mengalami proses kemurungan dan mengambil masa untuk menyesuaikan diri dengan persekitaran baru, bahasa dan budaya masyarakat setempat. Antara tempat tumpuan pelajar di luar Negara adalah seperti Great Britain, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, Jepun, German, USA dan Kanada.

Elemen yang paling penting bagi pengajian phd adalah penulisan tesis. Tesis adalah suatu olahan kerja makmal atau kaji selidik dan pembacaan artikel yang berkaitan bagi di persembahkan kepada pemeriksa untk dinilai kerja-kerja kita itu. Pemeriksa tidak akan melihat hasil kerja atau hasil akhir ujikaji kita di makmal. Mereka akan membaca tesis kita dan segala kemusykilan atau penjelasan lanjut akan ditanya semasa ujian lisan(viva).

bersambung...

selamat menulis.

Micheal Jackson

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Top Superstar, Micheal Jackson have been pass away early this morning. Michael Jackson has died at the age of 50. Reports from the wires say he had a cardiac arrest at his Los Angeles home.

Michael, who became a Muslim last year, made his name as the youngest member of the Jackson 5. His sixth solo effort, Thriller, released in 1982, is the best-selling album of all time.

May Allah have mercy on his soul.
Not many know he released an album "Towards The Light" which featured songs in English and Arabic in praise of Allah.

In particular, I liked track 9, a 2-minute "Give Thanks To Allah".


Saya mencari-cari sumbar yang mengatakan dia adalah seorang muslim semasa dia menghembuskan nafas yang terakhir tetapi tidak satu pun yang ditemui setakat ini. Sumber yang saya perolehi setakat ini cumalah email-email yang di circulate melalui beberapa orang kawan.

Kematian adalah suatu yang pasti. Tiada satu pun yang mengejutkan kerana ia telah ditentukan oleh Allah. Manusia yang paling cerdik di dunia ini adalah mereka yang selalu mengingati mati dan bersedia untuk menemuinya.